Use of Inhaled PGE1 to Improve Diastolic Dysfunction, LVEDP, Pulmonary Hypertension and Hypoxia in ARDS—A Randomised Clinical Trial

Introduction: We wished to see the effects of inhaled PGE1 on diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), pulmonary hypertension and hypoxia in ARDS patients. Methods: This is a randomized, prospective, clinical trial conducted in the main adult intensive care unit of a tertiary care University hospital. A total of 67 patients were recruited. Inclusion criteria included all adult patients with a P/F ratio <200 and/or Pulmonary Artery systolic (Pa) pressures of >35 mmHg on Pulmonary artery catheter or suspected on clinical grounds. A transthoracic echo was performed to record the diastolic function, LVEDP and Pa pressures. Subsequently patients were randomized by a block computerized randomization to either cases (n = 34) or controls (n = 33). Cases received nebulised PGE1 over 30 minutes in the ICU and normal saline was administered to controls blindly. Following this the echo and arterial blood gases were repeated. Our primary outcomes were an improvement in diastolic function and P/F ratio of greater than 20% and a decrease in pulmonary pressure and LVEDP of >20%. Results: At baseline, mean diastolic dysfunction was grade II, with a mean LVEDP of >15 and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was 148.38 ± 60.05 with a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 81.35 ± 16.91. Inhaled PGE1 was followed by an improvement in diastolic dysfunction (grade I, p = 0.001) with a resulting improvement in LVEDP (12 +/− 2, p = 0.001) as well as Pa pressures (97.09 ± 30.06, p = 0.04) and a non significant improvement in PaO2/FiO2 ratio (161.45 ± 77.52, p = 0.21). There were no side effects observed in any patients. Conclusion: Our study shows that there is a significant improvement in diastolic dysfunction, LVEDP and Pa pressures after administration of nebulised PGE1, and an improvement although non-significant in hypoxia in ARDS patients. The trial was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00314548) and funded by the Pakistan medical research council.